Showing posts with label Russian Connection. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Russian Connection. Show all posts

Thursday, 13 September 2012

Leonid Nikolaievich Andreyev

Portrait of Andreyev by Ilya Repin
Leonid Nikolaievich Andreyev 1871 – 1919 was a Russian playwright, novelist and short-story writer. He is one of the most talented and prolific representatives of the Silver Age period in Russian history. Andreyev's style combines elements of realist, naturalist and symbolist schools in literature. Read more on Wikipedia

Lowry refers to Andreyev in a letter to Carol Brown dated 27/4/1926; "The great trouble about this first school tea is that one has'nt salved any of one's friends as yet, one sits where one may find a place, there is such a clatter of bent tin knives and forks on rancid ham that one can't hear oneself eat if one would eat, which one in one case- one-would'nt: the whole thing, believe me, reminding me of the sordidity of the first chapters of a Russian novel by Leonid Andryev." (Collected Letters Vol 1 Pg. 13). Andryev only wrote one novel The Seven Who Were Hanged  - so we must assume that Lowry is referring to this novel. The reference is an insight into Lowry's feelings for The Leys.

Later, everything in the world—day and night, footsteps, voices, the soup of sour cabbage, produced in him a continuous terror, plunging him into a state of savage uncomprehending astonishment. His weak mind was unable to combine these two things which so monstrously contradicted each other—the bright day, the odor and taste of cabbage—and the fact that two days later he must die. He did not think of anything. He did not even count the hours, but simply stood in mute stupefaction before this contradiction which tore his brain in two. And he became evenly pale, neither white nor redder in parts, and appeared to be calm. Only he ate nothing and ceased sleeping altogether. He sat all night long on a stool, his legs crossed under him, in fright. Or he walked about in his cell, quietly, stealthily, and sleepily looking about him on all sides. His mouth was half-open all the time, as though from incessant astonishment, and before taking the most ordinary thing into his hands, he would examine it stupidly for a long time, and would take it distrustfully. The Seven Who Were Hanged Chapter 3

Illustration for The Seven Who Were Hanged by John Buckland Wright


Sunday, 5 August 2012

Cafe Baikine



An unidentified bar/club in the fictional Tsjang Tsjang (Dairen) of Lowry's first novel Ultramarine; "And the Miki or the Baikine; you'll probably find plenty of bobbed head tigers in this dump." (Pg.81); Cafe Baikine (Pgs. 85, 104, 109, 115 and 118).

The name is Russian probably relating to the owner who was probably a White Russian refugee.

Saturday, 4 August 2012

Petropavlovsk


The Petropavlovsk was the lead ship of the Petropavlovsk class of pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy. She displaced 11,854 long tons (12,044 t) at full load and was 369 feet (112.5 m) long overall, and mounted a main battery of four 12-inch (305 mm) guns in two twin turrets. Petropavlovsk participated in the Boxer Rebellion, and during the Russo-Japanese War was the flagship of the First Pacific Squadron, taking part in battles against the Imperial Japanese Navy. On 31 March 1904, the battleship was sunk after striking two mines near Port Arthur. 652 men and 27 officers died, including the Fleet Admiral Stepan Makarov and renowned war artist Vasily Vereshchagin. The loss of Petropavlovsk and Makarov greatly hindered the Russians in the war.


Lowry mentions 2 famous warships docked in Dairen in Chapter 3 of Ultramarine which would have been impossible for Dana to have seen including the Petropavlovsk ; "We came to another wharf, passing slowly other great ships: Petropalovsk, Erzherzog, Franz Ferdinand -" (Pg.84).A rare exception to Lowry's usually accurate references without an immediate explanation other than she sank near Dairen.

Friday, 3 August 2012

Pudovkin's Deserter


The Deserter is a 1933 Soviet film directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin.

Jan Gabrial states that her and Lowry went to see the film in London in 1933. (Inside The Volcano Pg. 34)

The film chronicles the tale of a strike on Hamburg's docks that was inspired by leftists. Livanov, their leader, finds that his weak heart cannot stand the strain of the strike; he must return to Russia to rest. While he is gone, the strike situation becomes more serious. The German government uses violent measures to repress the strike. Livanov feels he cannot lie idly by while his comrades are in danger. He returns to Germany to join them.



Cast:

Boris Livanov - Karl Renn
Vasili Kovrigin - Ludwig Zelle
Aleksandr Chistyakov - Fritz Muller
Tamara Makarova - Greta Zelle
Semyon Svashenko - Bruno
Dmitri Konsovsky - Strauss
Yudif Glizer - Marcella Zelle
M. Oleshchenko - Bertha
Sergey Martinson - Passer-by
Maksim Shtraukh
Sergei Gerasimov
Sergei Komarov - Worker
Vladimir Uralsky
Ivan Lavrov - Richter
Ivan Chuvelyev
A. Besperstny



In 1929, four years before making this film, V.I. Pudovkin and Sergei Eisenstein had collaborated on a Sound Manifesto that called for a radical use of asynchronous sound effects, which would be used in counterpoint to the screen image, rather than supporting it, as is normally the case. In DESERTER, Pudovkin put this theory into practice. Starring Boris Livanov as German dockworker Karl Renn, the film focuses upon a politically unconscious figure who learns the error of his ways. Renn becomes involved in picketing and demonstrating on the dock but walks out on his comrades one day, doubtful about the value of this kind of political activity. A kindly communist offers to send him to the Soviet Union as a member of a German delegation, and he eagerly accepts. When the delegation returns from the Soviet Union, Renn chooses to stay behind, finding a secure job as a specialist in a factory. Not long thereafter, he learns that the police have killed his closest friend, revolutionary Ludwig Zeile (Vasili Kovrigin), and he realizes that he must return to Germany and rejoin the fight. The soundtrack, which Pudovkin wrote at length about in FILM TECHNIQUE AND FILM ACTING, has an unusual density and complexity because of the technique of asynchronous montage; it could serve as an early example of musique concrete. Rotten Tomatoes

Marya Zaturensky's Russian Peasants



Lowry quotes from Marya Zaturensky's poem 'Russian Peasants' in Chapter 3 of Ultramarine; "They are dancing wildly tonight, wildly in the village of Czernoff." (Pg. 118).

Lowry probably read the poem in Harriet Monroe's Poetry: A Magazine of Verse XVI 1920.  This poem is possible example of Conrad Aiken's influence on Lowry's reading, after visiting Aiken in America in 1928, as Aiken contributed to Poetry: A Magazine of Verse. 

THEY dance wildly today at the village of Czernoff—
The men and women and little children.
They dance wildly before the great lord’s castle,
Snapping their heels, cracking their fingers and sobbing
In hilarious passionate abandon.    

Wilder and wilder shriek the cymbals and violins,
Wilder and wilder arise the cries of the dancers,
And wilder the songs and the mad laughter.

Their faces are aglow, their eyes are shining
Radiant with vision and joy and splendor.      
Lithe are the bodies of the young women,
Marvelous the grace of the young men,
And strangely beautiful the wild chant of the old men and women.

They pass in a scarlet maze, singing, laughing, weeping:
Scarlet the embroidered bodices and petticoats,      
Scarlet the blouses of the men,
And scarlet and riotous the exhilarating air.

Tomorrow we shall see them reaping,
Backs bowed, and eyes apathetic with labor.
They will speak to you sorrowfully, hopelessly:      
“There is no joy in life,” they will say;
“Only with God is our great gladness—
His peace and his light be with you, brother"

Lowry's use of the poem is linked to the Russian roots of the prostitute Olga Sologub, who Dana meets in the red light district of Dairen, in a similar to use of scenes from the film Love's Crucifixion starring Olga Tschechowa - Lowry's spelling - as well as Chekhova's Russian roots. Lowry's is part of his creation of an innocent peasant past for Olga which fits into his fantasy of rescuing her from the brothel. The dancing of the village contrast with the dancing in the brothel; "a Negro fireman had taken his shoes off and did a crazy dance upon his enormous bare feet, a coconut in each hand and a cigar behind each ear. The music rose to a scream of dreadful pain. Another Negro joined the first in his dance. Modo and Maha." (Pg. 118). Lowry's reference to Modo and Maha are 2 of the 5 fiends in Poor Tom named by Edgar's in Shakespeare's King Lear. This is a clear contrast by Lowry between the "light" of the Russain village and the "darkness" of the 2 black sailors.

Thursday, 5 July 2012

Mikhail Kuzmin

Portrait by Konstantin Somov (1909)

Mikhail Alekseevich Kuzmin (1872 - 1936) was a Russian poet, musician and novelist, a prominent contributor to the Silver Age of Russian Poetry. Read more on Wikipedia


Lowry refers to the poet in his first novel Ultramarine; "Mikhail Kuzmin's flute is heard, playing softly - Soldiers' Canteen." (Pg. 112). The flute is a reference to Kuzmin's poem Alexandrinische Gesange: 


When someone says: 'Alexandria,'
I see the white walls of a house,
a small garden row of gillyflowers,
an autumn evening's pale sunlight
and hear the music of distant flutes.


The reference to the Soldiers' Canteen is unidentified.